J Pediatr Surg

. 2025 Jun 7:162399.

 doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162399. Online ahead of print. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40490073/

HOSPITAL VOLUME AND OUTCOME IN THE TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA IN GERMANY – OBSERVATIONAL STUDY USING NATIONAL HOSPITAL DISCHARGE DATA FROM 2016 TO 2023

Julia Elrod ¹, Michael Boettcher ², Florian Kipfmueller ³, Thomas Schaible ³, Trudo Knoefel Wolfram ⁴, Christoph Mohr ², Ramona Herwig ⁵, Max Samans ⁴, Reinhard Busse ⁶, Ulrike Nimptsch ⁶, Miriam Wilms ⁷

Affiliations Expand

• PMID: 40490073
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162399

Abstract

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a critical malformation, with the neonatal period being particularly challenging and associated with high mortality. Data on the care structure and volume-outcome relationship in the treatment of children with CDH in Germany remain scarce.

Methods: This study determined case numbers and outcomes of treatment of children aged 0-17 years, with CDH in Germany between 2016 and 2023 through a query of the nationwide DRG database at the Research Data Center of the Federal Statistical Office. Using the ICD-10 and OPS codes, inpatient cases with and without ECMO treatment were identified. The analysis included patient characteristics, hospital caseload, treatment characteristics and outcome parameters stratified by hospital caseload.

Results: In the 8 years, a total of 1,470 newborns with CDH were born across 234 different hospitals, with a median annual caseload of 1 (IQR: 1-2). In-hospital mortality was 22.5%. Corrective surgery was performed in 1,539 cases across 103 hospitals. Mortality among patients who underwent corrective surgery was 4.8% in low-volume centers, 5.3% in medium-volume centers, and 9.6% in high-volume centers. A higher ECMO frequency was observed in high-volume centers (32.2% vs. 5.4% in medium-volume and 1.9% in low-volume). Among all ECMO-treated CDH patients, regardless of corrective surgery, mortality was 60.0%, 40.0%, and 36.5% in low-, medium-, and high-volume centers, respectively.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that high-volume centers treat a greater proportion of severe cases and that they may achieve better outcomes for the most critically ill patients, as reflected by lower ECMO-specific mortality.

Keywords: CDH; ECMO; case load; congenital diaphragmatic hernia; mortality.

Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.