J Perinatol
. 2026 Apr 29.
doi: 10.1038/s41372-026-02668-z. Online ahead of print. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42056239/
Neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation outcomes according to social determinants of health
Swati Chandhoke 1, Isabella Zaniletti 2, Robert DiGeronimo 3, Shannon E G Hamrick 1, Karna Murthy 2 4, Michael A Padula 5, Natalie E Rintoul 5, Theresa R Grover 6, Philip T Levy # 7, Katie M Moynihan # 8; CHNC ECMO Focus Group
Collaborators, Affiliations Expand
- PMID: 42056239
- DOI: 10.1038/s41372-026-02668-z
Abstract
Objective: To characterize relationships between social determinants of health (SDoH) and mortality among infants receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
Study design: Retrospectively, we identified infants born >34weeks gestation and >1.8 kilograms who received ECMO from 2010-2022. The primary predictor was the child opportunity index (COI). The outcome was in-NICU mortality. Due to interactions between SDoH and diagnoses, the main analyses were performed within the diagnostic cohort using multilevel socioecological factors.
Results: Overall, 2254 neonates received ECMO [congenital diaphragmatic hernia (32%, CDH), meconium aspiration syndrome (27%, MAS), cardiac (13%) and other (28%, e.g., sepsis)]. Characteristics differed with MAS more common in lower COI and Black race, while CDH was more common in the White race. COI and maternal race/ethnicity were unrelated to in-NICU mortality.
Conclusion: Despite epidemiological differences by SDoH, the primary outcome was consistent across groups, suggesting potential resilience to social risk factors and underscoring the importance of studying distinct cohorts separately.
© 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.
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