Fetal Diagn Ther. 2019 Aug 21:1-9. doi: 10.1159/000501555. [Epub ahead of print]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31434077
Prenatal Imaging Features and Postnatal Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Morbidity in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.
Verla MA1, Style CC1, Mehollin-Ray AR2, Fallon SC3, Vogel AM3, Fernandes CJ4, Ikedionwu CA3, Lee TC1, Keswani SG1, Olutoye OO5.
Author information
1Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Texas Children’s Hospital and the Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.2Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Texas Children’s Hospital and Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.3Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.4Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Texas Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics – Newborn Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.5Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Texas Children’s Hospital and the Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, oolutoye@bcm.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
To perform a comprehensive assessment of postnatal gastrointestinal (GI) morbidity and determine the prenatal imaging features and postnatal factors associated with its development in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A retrospective review was conducted of all infants evaluated for CDH at a quaternary fetal center from February 2004 to May 2017. Prenatal imaging features and postnatal variables were analyzed. GI morbidity was the primary outcome. The Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunnett’s T3 post hoc analysis and logistic regression, and the χ2 test were performed when appropriate.
RESULTS:
We evaluated 256 infants; 191 (75%) underwent CDH repair and had at least 6 months of follow-up. Of this cohort, 60% had gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 13% had gastroparesis, 32% received a gastrostomy tube (G-tube), and 17% needed a fundoplication. Large defect, patch repair, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and prolonged use of mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with having GERD, gastroparesis, G-tube placement, and fundoplication (p < 0.05). Fetuses with stomach grades 3 and 4 were most likely to have GERD, a G-tube, and a long-term need for supplemental nutrition than fetuses with stomach grades 1 and 2 (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION:
Survivors of CDH with large defects, prolonged use of mechanical ventilation, or that have received ECMO may be at an increased risk for having GERD, gastroparesis, and major GI surgery. Marked stomach displacement on prenatal imaging is significantly associated with GI morbidity in left-sided CDH.
© 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel.
KEYWORDS:
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; Gastrointestinal morbidity; Intrathoracic liver; Lung volumes; Postnatal predictors; Prenatal imaging; Stomach positionPMID: 31434077 DOI: 10.1159/000501555
